Cold+War

[|Berlin Wall] By: Gloria Moya-Rojas The Berlin Wall was a concrete wall built by the German Democratic Republic; it enclosed the city of West Berlin separating it from East Germany. The wall included guard towers placed along large concrete walls. West Berlin became an isolated enclave in a hostile land. On July 25, 1961 President John F. Kennedy said that the United States could only hope to defend West Berliners and West Germans. The wall was finally breached on November 9th, 1989; it unified the city that had been divided for over 30 years. The fall of the Berlin wall marked the death of communism in Europe.

[|Berlin Blockade] Tiffany Trageser, Kayla Lynne, Amanda Alvarado.

The Berlin Blockade was on the 24th of June 1948 – 12th of May 1949. The Berlin Blockade was one of the first international crises. The Soviet Union blocked the western allies. Airlift carried supplies to west Berlin. By the spring of 1949, the effort was clearly succeeding, and by April the airlift was delivering more cargo than had previously flowed into the city by rail. The success of the Airlift was humiliating to the Soviets, who had repeatedly claimed it could never work. When it became clear that it did work, the blockade was lifted in May.

[|Korea]- The Korean War is a war between North Korea and South Korea that started on 25 June 1950 and paused with an armistice signed 27 July, 1953. Soviet Union forces fighting the Japanese advanced south to the 38th Parallel, which later became the political border between the two Koreas. From a military science perspective, the Korean War combined strategies and tactics of World War I and World War II — swift infantry attacks followed by air bombing raids. The initial mobile campaign transitioned to trench warfare, lasting from January 1951 until the 1953 border stalemate and armistice. The United States and the United Nations intervened on the side of the South.

[|Vietnam]From September 26, 1959 to April 30, 1975, the Vietnam War, otherwise known as the Second Indochina War was being fought in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. It was between the Northern, communist Vietnam and the anti-communist South Vietnam, supported by the United States. U.S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with U.S. troop levels tripling in 1961 and tripling again in 1962. The Case Church Amendment, passed by the U.S. Congress in response to the anti-war movement, prohibited direct U.S. military involvement after August 15, 1973. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities, including 3 to 4 million Vietnamese from both sides, 1.5 to 2 million Laotians and Cambodians, and 58,159 U.S. soldiers.

[|Bay of Pigs] Brittany Wenger, Taylor Holden On April 17, 1961 and abortive invasion of Cuba was launched on the southwestern coast in Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) by 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. Americans directed and financed the invasion. This was a failed attempt to forestall communism’s spread by taking over Cuba in a secret mission.

 <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidilanguage: AR-SA; msobidithemefont: minor-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msofareastthemefont: minor-latin; msohansithemefont: minor-latin;"> [|U2 Incident] On May 1, 1960, U2 pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down over Soviet territory. The United States made a cover statement saying that a weather plane had crashed due to the pilot having difficulties with his oxygen equipment. When the Soviets found the plane, however, it was almost fully intact and they were able to recover the photography equipment. Powers was interrogated for months before he finally confessed and publically apologized for taking part in U.S. espionage. This incident set back the peace talks between Eisenhower and Khrushchev.

[|Cuban Missile Crisis] The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba in October 1962, during the Cold War. In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. When United States military discovered the weapons, the U.S. government sought to do all it could to figure the removal of the missiles. After much deliberation between the Soviet Union and Kennedy's cabinet, Kennedy secretly agreed to remove all missiles set in southern Italy and in Turkey, the latter on the border of the Soviet Union, in exchange for Khrushchev removing all missiles in Cuba.

[|Mutually Assured Destruction] is a doctrine of military stratgy in which a full scale use of necular weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in destruction of both attacker and defender

[|Détente]

[|Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan]The soviet war in Afghanistan is also known as the Soviet-Afghan war. This was a nine year conflict, and involved several countries. They were the Soviet Union, India and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against Mujahideen Resistance who was supported by the US, Saudi Arabia and other Muslim nations. The initial deployment of troops began on December 24, 1979 and the final withdraw ended on February 15, 1989. This conflict is often referred to as the Soviets’ Vietnam. The Soviet Union suffered less losses that the Mujahideen’s 140,`000 casualties. The Soviet Union withdrew from the conflict, but the Afghan’s continued to have a civil war. By: Felicia, Alex, and Chandler
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Mortar_attack_on_Shigal_Tarna_garrison%2C_Kunar_Province%2C_87.jpg width="293" height="214" caption="File:Mortar attack on Shigal Tarna garrison, Kunar Province, 87.jpg" link="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Mortar_attack_on_Shigal_Tarna_garrison%2C_Kunar_Province%2C_87.jpg"]] ||
 * File:Mortar attack on Shigal Tarna garrison, Kunar Province, 87.jpg ||


 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/BMD-1_in_Afganistan.JPG/800px-BMD-1_in_Afganistan.JPG width="296" height="142" caption="File:BMD-1 in Afganistan.JPG" link="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/BMD-1_in_Afganistan.JPG"]] ||
 * File:BMD-1 in Afganistan.JPG ||


 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Ismail_Khan2.JPG width="354" height="218" caption="File:Ismail Khan2.JPG" link="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Ismail_Khan2.JPG"]] ||
 * File:Ismail Khan2.JPG ||

Tet Offensive  The Tet Offensive was an attack on South Vietnam on the morning of January 31, 1968, a Vietnamese holiday known as Tet Nguyen Den. The South Vietnamese had broadcasted that there would be a two day seize fire on this important holiday, but the Viet Cong launched their attack anyway. This initial attack stunned and surprised the South Vietnam and American forces, but the two month battle ended in a loss for the communist forces. ||